Fragen 181 bis 210

In 1970 Brandt knelt before the monument to the victims of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and asked forgiveness for German crimes. He did not submit to the Allies, nor did he show humility before the Warsaw Pact. The monument is also not the grave of the Unknown Soldier.

The Jewish house of prayer is called a synagogue. A mosque is the Muslim house of prayer, and a church the Christian one. A basilica is a church building type, not a separate religion.

The West German economic miracle fell in the 1950s, with strong growth and almost full employment. In the 1940s the economy was still in ruins and the war dominated daily life. The 1970s and 1980s brought oil price crises and recessions.

The legal basis was the United Nations partition plan of 1947, Resolution 181. The Zionist Congress demanded a Jewish state but did not establish it under international law. The German Federal Government did not yet exist in 1948, and a proposal by the USSR was not the basis.

The "Iron Curtain" described the sealing off of the Soviet Union and its satellite states in the Warsaw Pact from the West. Northern and southern Germany were never sealed off from each other, and the term only emerged after 1945. It does not describe Europe against the USA.

The popular uprising in the GDR began on 17 June 1953; in the Federal Republic this day was a public holiday until 1990. 1 May is Labour Day, and 20 July commemorates the 1944 assassination attempt. 9 November is not a nationwide public holiday.

Hammer, compass and wreath of grain were the symbols in the state emblem of the GDR and from 1959 also appeared on its flag. Prussia used black and white, and the "Third Reich" black-white-red with a swastika. The flag of the Federal Republic is black-red-gold without symbols.

The Berlin Wall was built on 13 August 1961. 1953 was the year of the popular uprising in the GDR, and 1956 and 1959 were Cold War years without any wall being built. Only 1961 is therefore the correct year.

The GDR built the Wall on 13 August 1961 in order to stop people fleeing to the West. 1919 and 1933 lie before the founding of the GDR in 1949. By 1990 the Wall had long been opened and the GDR acceded to the Federal Republic.

DDR stands for Deutsche Demokratische Republik (German Democratic Republic), the second German state from 1949 to 1990. The other abbreviations did not exist; "Third Reich" referred to the Nazi dictatorship. There was never a "Third German Republic".

On 9 November 1989 the border guards opened the crossings after the new travel regulations had been announced. In 1987 the Wall was still standing when Ronald Reagan gave his speech at the Brandenburg Gate. By 1992 and 1995 the Wall had already been demolished.

Brandenburg belonged to the Soviet occupation zone and was part of the GDR until 1990; the state was re-established in 1990. Bavaria and Hesse lay in the American zone, and the Saarland belonged to the French zone. All three were part of the Federal Republic.

From 1961 to 1989 the Wall divided East and West Berlin. Both halves of the city had their own mayors, and West Berlin could be reached by road, rail and plane. Berlin was not a separate state but a special area under Allied responsibility.

3 October is the Day of German Unity and commemorates the accession of the GDR to the Federal Republic in 1990. It is Germany's national holiday but is not called "Day of the Nation". The names "Day of the Federal States" and "Day of the Cities" do not exist.

Saxony-Anhalt belonged to the Soviet occupation zone and was part of the GDR until 1990; the state was re-established in 1990. Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia lay in the western zones, the Saarland in the French zone. Those three belonged to the Federal Republic.

In autumn 1989 the Monday demonstrations forced the SED to step down and opened the way to free elections in March 1990. The GDR was neither a market economy nor a monarchy but a communist dictatorship. It was also not a religious state but organised on secular-socialist lines.

Thuringia lay in the Soviet occupation zone and was part of the GDR until 1990; the state was re-established in 1990. Hesse and Bavaria belonged to the American zone, Bremen to the American enclave on the Weser. All three were part of the Federal Republic.

Saxony belonged to the Soviet occupation zone and was a state of the GDR until 1990; it was re-established in 1990. Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg lay in the American zone, Lower Saxony in the British zone. All three were part of the Federal Republic.

The Stasi was the Ministry for State Security, that is, the GDR's secret service and surveillance apparatus. The parliament was called the Volkskammer, and the ruling party was the SED. The Ministry for People's Education was the authority for schools and education.

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern belonged to the Soviet occupation zone and was part of the GDR until 1990; the state was re-established in 1990. Hesse lay in the American zone and Schleswig-Holstein in the British zone. The Saarland belonged to the French zone.

The GDR consisted of the five states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia, plus East Berlin. These states acceded to the Federal Republic in 1990. Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, Schleswig-Holstein, Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate belonged to the old Federal Republic, so the other lists each contain West German states.

From 1955 the GDR was a member of the Warsaw Pact, the military alliance led by the Soviet Union. NATO was the Western alliance to which the Federal Republic belonged; the Western powers were the USA, Great Britain and France. Non-aligned states such as Austria or Yugoslavia belonged to neither bloc.

In the GDR, production and prices were planned centrally by state authorities, which is why the system is called a planned economy. Market economy, capitalism and the interplay of supply and demand, by contrast, characterise the social market economy of the Federal Republic.

On 3 October 1990 the five eastern states acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany; the legal basis was Article 23 of the Basic Law as it then stood. There was no occupation, and the western states did not accede to the GDR. The two occupation options and the reverse accession are therefore wrong.

With the accession of 1990, the new states became part of the Federal Republic and thus also part of the European Community, from which today's European Union emerged. The Warsaw Pact was dissolved in 1991, OPEC is an association of oil-producing countries, and a European Defence Community failed in 1954 and does not exist.

Stolpersteine are small brass plates set into the ground that commemorate people who were persecuted, murdered or driven out during the Nazi era. They are placed in front of the victims' last freely chosen home and bear their names. They therefore do not commemorate only musicians or politicians and have nothing to do with road deaths.

From 1955 to 1990 the GDR was a member of the Warsaw Pact. NATO was the Western alliance, the Confederation of the Rhine existed only from 1806 to 1813, and there is no military alliance called the "European Alliance".

The Stasi was the Ministry for State Security of the GDR, which monitored and persecuted opponents of the SED regime. The secret service in the "Third Reich" was the Gestapo, and memorial sites or sports clubs have nothing to do with the name.

The state coat of arms of the GDR showed a hammer and compass surrounded by a wreath of grain with a black-red-gold ribbon; only Image 4 shows this emblem. The other images show different coats of arms, for example the federal eagle of the Federal Republic.

On 17 June 1953 workers throughout the GDR protested against higher work quotas; the strikes grew into a popular uprising that Soviet troops crushed. The Warsaw Pact was only founded in 1955, the 1st SED party congress took place in 1946, and Fidel Castro visited the GDR only in 1972.